PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.